LIVER CANCER
GREEN TEA
(1 gram = 1000 milligrams)
1. Compared to placebo, drinking green tea (250 grams per month) reduces the risk of gastric cancer by 60% and may protect against liver cancer.
Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2003 May;37(3):171-3.
[Study on the protective effect of green tea on gastric, liver and esophageal cancers]
[Article in Chinese]
Mu LN, Zhou XF, Ding BG, Wang RH, Zhang ZF, Jiang QW, Yu SZ.
SELENIUM
(1 gram = 1000 milligrams)
(ppm = parts per million)
2. Daily doses of selenium yeast (200 grams) for 4 years eliminated the risk of developing liver cancer in high risk carriers of hepatitis B compared to control. The same dose of selenium significantly reduced the risk of liver cancer in relatives of patients with liver cancer compared to placebo.
Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 1992 Sep;26(5):268-71.
[Preliminary observations on effect of selenium yeast on high risk populations with primary liver cancer]
[Article in Chinese]
Li WG.
PMID: 1298601
3. The use of selenium salt (15 ppm) reduced the risk of liver cancer compared to the use of regular salt among residents of an area of China at high risk of liver cancer.
Biol Trace Elem Res. 1991 Jun;29(3):289-94.
A preliminary report on the intervention trials of primary liver cancer in high-risk populations with nutritional supplementation of selenium in China.
Yu SY, Zhu YJ, Li WG, Huang QS, Huang CZ, Zhang QN, Hou C.
PMID: 1726411
Animal Study
4. Administration of selenium in drinking water (3 and 6 parts per million) prior to inducing liver cancer in rats protected the animals from developing liver cancer compared to those not receiving selenium where 61% developed liver cancer.
Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 1989 Sep;23(5):289-92.
[The study of aflatoxin B1-induced hepatocarcinogenesis of rats and mechanism of selenium's inhibitory effect on carcinogenesis]
[Article in Chinese]
Wang LQ.
PMID: 2516482
VITAMIN A/RETINOIDS
(1 micromole = one-thousandth of a gram-molecule)
Animal Study
5. Daily feeding with retinoids (0.5 or 1 micromole per kilogram diet) reduced incidence of pancreatic and liver cancers in rats with induced cancer. The supplementation with selenium (5 parts per million) and retinoids was more effective than selenium alone.
Pancreas. 1988;3(1):36-40.
Inhibition of pancreatic and liver carcinogenesis in rats by retinoid- and selenium-supplemented diets.
Curphey TJ, Kuhlmann ET, Roebuck BD, Longnecker DS.
PMID: 3258990
VITAMIN D
(1 microgram = 0.001 milligrams)
Animal Study
6. Doses of vitamin D (3 micrograms per milliliter) twice/week) and vanadium (0.5 parts per million) protected rats against developing liver cancer when exposed to carcinogens.
Life Sci. 2000 Dec 1;68(2):217-31.
Combined supplementation of vanadium and 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 inhibit placental glutathione S-transferase positive foci in rat liver carcinogenesis.
Basak R, Chatterjee M.
PMID: 11191639
VITAMIN E/TOCOTRIENOL
Animal Study
7. A diet supplemented with vitamin E (30 mg per kilogram food) protected rats from developing liver cancer when exposed to carcinogens. All the rats that did not receive vitamin E developed liver cancer.
Nutrition. 1993 May-Jun;9(3):229-32.
Long-term administration of tocotrienols and tumor-marker enzyme activities during hepatocarcinogenesis in rats.
Rahmat A, Ngah WZ, Shamaan NA, Gapor A, Abdul Kadir K.
PMID: 8102564
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