LDL CHOLESTEROL

aSTAXANTHIN

1. Doses of astaxanthin (1.8, 3.6,14.4 and 21.6 mg/day for 14 days) slowed LDL oxidation and therefore may be effective in preventing atherosclerosis.

J Atheroscler Thromb. 2000;7(4):216-22. 
Inhibition of low-density lipoprotein oxidation by astaxanthin.
Iwamoto T, Hosoda K, Hirano R, Kurata H, Matsumoto A, Miki W, Kamiyama M,Itakura H, Yamamoto S, Kondo K.

2. A dose of astaxanthin (100 mg) may have an effect on LDL cholesterol in adult males.

0955-2863. 2000 Oct;11(10):482-490. 
Plasma appearance and distribution of astaxanthin E/Z and R/S isomers in plasma lipoproteins of men after single dose administration of astaxanthin(1).
Osterlie M, Bjerkeng B, Liaaen-Jensen S.

COENZYME Q10

3. Doses of coenzyme Q10 (50 mg/ 3 times/day) reduces LDL oxidizability in patients with high cholesterol.

Free Radic Biol Med. 2000 Apr 1;28(7):1100-5. 
Coenzyme Q improves LDL resistance to ex vivo oxidation but does not enhance endothelial function in hypercholesterolemic young adults.
Raitakari OT, McCredie RJ, Witting P, Griffiths KA, Letters J, Sullivan D, Stocker R, Celermajer DS.
PMID: 10832071

GREEN TEA

4. An oral dose of green tea extract (525 mg) can protect against lipoprotein oxidation better than doses of 225 mg or 375 mg green tea extract.

Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 1997 Dec;61(12):1981-5
Dose-dependent incorporation of tea catechins, (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate and (-)-epigallocatechin, into human plasma.
Nakagawa K, Okuda S, Miyazawa T

LYCOPENE

5. Daily supplementation with vitamin C (500 mg) vitamin E (800 IU) and tomato juice (500 milliliter)for 4 weeks increased lycopene levels and increased resistance of LDL to oxidation compared to placebo.

Diabetes Care. 2000 Jun;23(6):733-8.  

Effect of supplementation with tomato juice, vitamin E, and vitamin C on LDL oxidation and products of inflammatory activity in type 2 diabetes.

Upritchard JE, Sutherland WH, Mann JI.

6. Daily intake of tomato juice (330 milliliters) decreased LDL oxidation in elderly subjects.

Eur J Nutr. 2002 Dec;41(6):237-43.  

Paraoxonase 1 Q192R (PON1-192) polymorphism is associated with reduced lipid peroxidation in R-allele-carrier but not in QQ homozygous elderly subjects on a tomato-rich diet.

Bub A, Barth S, Watzl B, Briviba K, Herbert BM, Luhrmann PM, Neuhauser-Berthold M, Rechkemmer G.

MAGNESIUM
(1 gram = 1000 milligrams)

7. Doses of magnesium pidolate (4.5 grams/day for 1 month) significantly reduced cholesterol and LDL levels and increased HDL levels in patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes.

Magnes Res. 1994 Mar;7(1):43-7. 
Effects of oral magnesium supplementation on plasma lipid concentrations in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
Corica F, Allegra A, Di Benedetto A, Giacobbe MS, Romano G, Cucinotta D, Buemi M, Ceruso D.
PMID: 8054260

PYCNOGENOL

8. Daily treatment with pycnogenol (360 mg for 4 weeks) was more effective than chestnut seed extract (600 mg) in reducing cholesterol and LDL levels and improving symptoms of chronic venous insufficiency.

Phytother Res. 2002 Mar;16 Suppl 1:S1-5. 
Comparative study of Venostasin and Pycnogenol in chronic venous insufficiency.
Koch R.

SELENIUM
(1 microgram = 0.001 milligrams)

9. Daily supplementation with ascorbic acid (400 mg slow release), organic selenium (100 micrograms), vitamin E (200 mg) and beta-carotene (30 mg) for 3 months increased resistance to oxidation in LDL and very low density lipoprotein compared to the placebo group.

Eur J Clin Nutr. 1994 Sep;48(9):633-42. 
Increase in oxidation resistance of atherogenic serum lipoproteins following antioxidant supplementation: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial.
Nyyssonen K, Porkkala E, Salonen R, Korpela H, Salonen JT.
PMID: 8001520

TAURINE

Animal Study

10. Supplementation with taurine (1% in drinking water) for 7 weeks reduced LDL cholesterol levels in rats with induced diabetes.

Adv Exp Med Biol. 1998;442:163-8.  (Animal Study)
Effects of taurine supplementation on lipid peroxidation, blood glucose and blood lipid metabolism in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
You JS, Chang KJ.