Nursing Home Intervention Study Protocol

Click here for the Introduction to the Nursing Home Intervention Study

Note: The information on this website is not a substitute for
diagnosis and treatment by a qualified, licensed professional.

The purpose of this protocol is to improve the health of the nursing home population with an intervention based on diet and behavior modification, the intake of whole foods, vitamins, nutrient and herbal supplementation and exercise.

We suggest the following:

(1) Intake of animal protein be reduced (1 x week) and consumption of cold-water fish be increased (3 x week).

(2) Additional protein should be derived from whole grains, legumes and seeds. If needed a protein powder supplement may be used

(3) The diet should provide 40-50 grams of fiber a day.

(4) At least one (preferably 3 ) serving of a cruciferous vegetable should be provided daily: Brussel sprouts, broccoli, cabbage, or cauliflower.

(5) 1-2 glasses of dark green leafy vegetable juices/day. The juice should also include 1 inch length of ginger, aloe concentrate and protein powder (optional).

(6) 1/2-1 gallon of water ingested/day.

(7) Caffeine, soda, white sugar, and refined white flour products should be reduced to a minimum, for optimal results, they should be eliminated completely.

(8) Olive oil should be used for cooking purposes.

(9) Supplements should be taken with meals in divided doses where noted.

 

Following the description of the protocol, there are detailed peer review journal articles of human studies and trials demonstrating the efficacy and dosages of vitamins, nutrients, and herbs. In addition to the human studies represented here, we refer you to The Clinician's Handbook of Natural Healing, by Gary Null, PhD for additional detailed animal, in vitro and in vivo studies that further support the efficacy of vitamin, nutrient and herbal supplementation.

*RDA-Recommended Dietary Allowances; USRDA-United States Recommended Daily Allowances; ESAADDI-Estimated Safe and Adequate Daily Dietary Intakes.

Shils, et al. 1994. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease, Eighth Edition Volume 2. Lea & Febiger, p. 1582.

**The therapeutic doses are based on Peer-Review Journals with a focus on human trials and studies. These articles are cited within the proposal. Please refer to the Reference Section for details.

Physical Exercise

The results of our Reversing the Aging Process Study have also helped to conclude, by process of interviews, that most of the participants and 100% of the controls in the study were not exercising properly. They were in general not doing enough exercise, and not exercising with enough intensity. We have modified the recommended exercise protocol for senior citizens.

a) Build up gradually to 45 minutes/day of aerobic activity.

b) Have them take their pulse during the work-out to make sure that they are neither under, nor over exerting themselves. A heart rate monitor is very useful and can be purchased at any local sports store. Generally, the target heart rate is determined by taking 220, subtracting their age (this is the maximal heart rate) and then multiplying the result by 50%-60%. So an 81 year old person would have a rate of 220 minus 81 times 50%-60%, or, 70 to 83 beats per minute. After a few months of training, they can increase to 70% of the maximal heart rate.

c) As well as aerobic exercise, they should do weight training 3 times per week.

It is no secret anymore; exercise is a very important element in the overall health of people at any age. As we age our tendons shrink and our muscle mass decreases. So in order to keep the body as youthful as possible, muscle mass needs to be retained, and if possible increased. Tendons need to be stretched. So as we get older we actually need more exercise and longer stretching. All forms of exercise should be preceded with a thorough stretching routine. Stretching will elongate and strengthen the tendons and get the muscles warmed up and ready for movement. Senior citizens in general will take a longer time to warm up.

Some exercises that are recommended for senior citizens are; fast walking, low impact aerobics, weight lifting, Yoga (for stretching), treadmill and the stair climbing machine. All exercises that are not too impacting on the joints are beneficial.

Researched by Sarah Khan for Gary Null & Associates

B-Complex

B1

Alzheimer's disease

Mimori, Y. et al. 1966. Thiamine therapy in Alzheimer's disease. Metab Brain Disease, 11(1), Mar., 89-94.

Dose: 100mg/day, 12 weeks

Cardiovascular/Coronary Heart Disease

Shimon, I. et al. 1995. Improved left ventricular function after thiamine supplementation in patients with congestive heart failure receiving long-term Furosemide therapy. Am J Med, 98(5), 485-490.

Dose: 200mg day

Freye and Hartung, E. 1982. The Potential use of thiamine in patients with cardiac insufficiency. Acta Vitamino Enzymol, 4(4), 285-290.

Dose: 50mg/kg

Epilepsy

Botez, M. I. et al. 1993. Thiamine and folate treatment of chronic epileptic patients: A controlled study with the Wechsler IQ scale. Epilepsy Res, 16(2), Oct., 157-163.

Fatigue

Suzuki, M. and Itokawa, Y. 1996. Effects of thiamine supplementation on exercise-induced fatigue, Metabolic Pr Brain Dis., 11(1), Mar., 95-106.

Febrile Lymphadenopathy

Lonsdale, D. 1980. Recurrent febrile lymphadenopathy treated with large doses of vitamin B1: Report of two cases. Dev Pharmacol Ther., 1(4), 254-264.

General

Meador, K. J. et al. 1993. Evidence for a clinical cholinergic effect of high-dose thiamine. Ann Neurol, 34(5), Nov., 724-726.

Smidt, L. J. et al. 1991. Influence of thiamin supplementation on the health and general well-being of an elderly Irish population with marginal thiamin deficiency. J Gereontology, 46(1), Jan., M16-22.

Dose: 10mg/day

Lactic Acidosis

Klein, G. et al. 1990. [Life-threatening lactic acidosis during total parenteral nutrition. Successful therapy with thiamine]. Dtsch Med Wochenschr, 115(7), Feb., 254-256.

Dose: 400mg

Liver Disease

Hassan, R. et al. 1991. Effect of thiamine on glucose utilization in hepatic cirrhosis. J Gastroenterology Hepatology, 6(1), Jan.-Feb., 59-60.

Dose: 50 mg/day for 30 days

Rossouw, J. E. et al. 1978. Red blood cell transketolase activity and the effect of thiamine supplementation in patients with chronic liver disease. Scandinavian J Gastroenterology, 13(2), 133-138.

Dose: 200 mg/day

Seasonal Ataxia

Adamolekun, B. et al. 1994. A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the efficacy of thiamine hydrochloride in a seasonal ataxia in Nigerians. Neurology, 44(3 Pt 1), Mar., 549-551.

Surgical Stress

Vinogradov, V. V. et al. 1981. [Thiamine prevention of the corticosteroid reaction after surgery]. Probl Endokrinol, 27(3), May-June, 11-16.

Dose: IV administration of 0.12 g one day and 1.5-2 hours prior to surgery

B2

Congenital Methaemoglobinaemia

Hirano, M. et al. 1981. Congenital methaemoglobinaemia due to NADH methaemoglobin reductase deficiency: Successful treatment with oral riboflavin. British J Haematology, 47(3), Mar., 353-359.

Dose: 120 mg/day

Depression

Bell, I. R. et al. 1992. Brief communication. Vitamin B1, B2, and B6 augmentation of tricyclic antidepressant treatment in geriatric depression with cognitive dysfunction. J Am Coll Nutr., 11(2), Apr., 159-163.

Dose: 10mg B1, B2 and B6 each with antidepressants

Migraine

Schoenen, J. et al. 1994. High-dose riboflavin as a prophylactic treatment of migraine: Results of an open pilot study. Cephalalgia, 14(5), Oct., 328-329.

Dose: 400mg for at least 3 months

Sickle Cell Disease

Ajayi, O. A. et al. 1993. Clinical trial of riboflavin in sickle cell disease. East African Med J, 70(7), 418-421.

Dose: 5mg 2x/day for 8 weeks

B6

Anemia

Toriyama, T. et al. 1993. Effects of high-dose vitamin B6 therapy on microcytic and hypochromic anemia in hemodialysis patients. Nippon Jinzo Gakkai Shi 35(8), Aug., 975-980.

Dose: 180mg for 20 weeks

Asthma

Collipp, P. J. et al. 1975. Pyridoxine treatment of childhood bronchial asthma. Ann Allergy 35(2), Aug., 93-97.

Dose: 200mg/day

Cardiovascular/Coronary Heart Disease

Van den Berg, M. et al. 1994. Combined vitamin B6 plus folic acid therapy in young patients with arteriosclerosis and hyperhomocysteinemia. J Vascular Surg. 20(6), Dec., 933-940.

Dose: 250mg for 6 weeks

Ellis, J. M. and McCully, K. S. 1995. Prevention of myocardial infarction by vitamin B6. Res Commun Mol Pathol Pharmac 89(2) Aug., 208-220.

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Ellis, J. et al. 1979. Clinical results of a cross-over treatment with pyridoxine and placebo of the Carpal Tunnel Syndrome. Am J Clin Nutr 32(10), Oct., 2040-2046.

Dose: 100mg/day

Kasdan, M. L. and Janes, C. 1987. Carpal Tunnel Syndrome and vitamin B6. Plastic Reconstructive Surgery 79(3), Mar., 456-462.

Dose: 100mg/day

Stransky, M. et al. 1989. Treatment of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome with vitamin B6: A double-blind study. Southern Med J 82(7), July, 841-842.

Ellis, J. M. 1987. Treatment of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome with vitamin B6. Southern Med J 80(7), July, 882-884.

Dose: 100mg to 200mg/day for 12 weeks

Guzman, F. J. L. et al. 1989. Carpal Tunnel Syndrome and vitamin B6. Klin Wochenschr, 67(1), Jan. 4, 38-41.

Dose: 150mg/day for 3 months

Ellis, J. et al. 1981. Therapy with vitamin B6 with and without surgery for treatment of patients having the Idiopathic Carpal Tunnel Syndrome. Res Commun Pathol Pharmacol 33(2) Aug., 331-344.

Diabetes

Bennink, H. J. and Schreurs, W. H. 1975. Improvement of oral glucose tolerance in gestational diabetes by pyridoxine. Br Med J 3(5974), 13-15.

Immune Function

Casciato, D. A. et al. 1984. Immunologic abnormalities in hemodialysis patients: Improvement after pyridoxine therapy. Nephron 38(1), 9-16.

Dose: 50mg/day for 3-5 weeks

Primary Hyperoxaluria

Milliner, D. S. et al. 1994. Results of long-term treatment with orthophosphate and pyridoxine in patients with primary hyperoxaluria. NEJM. 331(23), Dec. 8, 1553-1558.

B12

Anemia

Samson, D. et al. 1977. Reversal of ineffective erythropoiesis in pernicious anaemia following vitamin B12 therapy. Br J Haematology 35(2), Feb., 217-224.

Kafetz, K. 1985. Immunoglobulin deficiency responding to vitamin B12 in two elderly patients with megaloblastic anaemia. Postgrad Med J 61(722), Dec., 1065-1056.

Kubota, K. et al. 1987. Restoration of decreased suppressor cells by vitamin B12 therapy in a patient with pernicious anemia. Am J Hematol 24(2), Feb., 221-223.

Kubota, K. et al. 1992. Restoration of abnormally high CD4/CD8 ratio and low natural killer cell activity by vitamin B12 therapy in a patient with post-gastrectomy megaloblastic anemia. Internal Med 31(1), Jan., 125-126.

Apthae

Wray, D. et al. 1975. Recurrent aphthae: Treatment with vitamin B12, folic acid, and iron. British Med J 2(5969), May 31, 490-493.

Bronchial Squamous Metaplasia

Heimburger, D. C> et al. 1988. Improvement in bronchial squamous metaplasia in smokers treated with folate and vitamin B12. Report of a preliminary randomized, double-blind intervention trial. JAMA 259(10), Mar. 11, 1525-1530.

Dose: 500mcg for 4 months

Dementia

Regland, B. et al. 1991. Vitamin B12-induced reduction of platelet monoamine oxidase activity in patients with dementia and pernicious anaemia. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 240(4-5), 288-291.

General

Newbold, H. L. 1989. Vitamin B-12: Placebo or neglected therapeutic tool? Med Hypothesis, 28(3), May, 155-164.

Hepatitis

Iwarson, S. and Lindberg, J. 1977. Coenzyme-B12 therapy in acute viral hepatitis. Scandinavian J Infectious Dis 9(2), 157-158.

Komar, I. V. 1982. [Use of vitamin B12 in the combined therapy of viral hepatitis]. Vopr Pitan (1), Feb., 26-29.

Dose: 100mcg every other day

Imerslund-Grasbeck Syndrome

Salameh, M. M. et al. 1991. Reversal of severe neurological abnormalities after vitamin B12 replacement in the Imerslund-Grasbeck Syndrome. J Neurology 238(6), Sept., 349-350.

Methylmalonic Acidemia

Gordon, B. A. and Carson, R. A. 1976. Methylmalonic acidemia controlled with oral administration of vitamin B12. Canadian Med Assoc J 115(3), Aug. 7, 233-236.

Dose: Continuous intramuscular supplements in doses of 1 mg on alternate days followed by 15 mg/day taken orally

Multiple Sclerosis

Kira, J. et al. 1994. Vitamin B12 metabolism and massive-dose methyl vitamin B12 therapy in Japanese patients with multiple sclerosis. Internal Med 33(2), Feb., 82-86.

Dose: 60mg/day for 6 months

Sleep

Honma, K. et al. 1992. Effects of vitamin B12 on plasma melatonin rhythm in humans: Increased light sensitivity phase-advances the Circadian Clock? Experentia 48(4), Aug. 15, 716-720.

Dose: 3mg/day

Ohta, T. et al. 1991. Treatment of persistent sleep-wake schedule disorders in adolescents with methylcobalamin (vitamin B12). Sleep 14(5), Oct., 414-418.

Dose: 3,000mcg/day

Okawa, M. et al. 1990. Vitamin B12 treatment for sleep-wake rhythm disorders. Sleep 13(1), Feb., 15-23.

Dose: 1.5 mg /day tid

Vitiligo

Montes, L. F. et al. 1992. Folic acid and vitamin B12 in vitiligo: A nutritional approach. Cutis 50(1), July, 39-42.

Choline/Lecithin

Head Injury

Levin, H. S. 1991. Treatment of postconcussional symptoms with CDP-choline. J Neurol Sci 103 Suppl, July, S39-S42.

Dose: 1 gm of CDP-choline

Maldonado, V. C. et al. 1991. Effects of CDP-choline on the recovery of patients with head injury. J. Neurol Sci 103 Suppl, July, S15-S18.

Hemiplegia

Hazama, T. et al. 1980. Evaluation of the effect of CDP-choline on poststroke hemiplegia employing a double-blind controlled trial. Assessed by a rating scale for recovery in hemiplegia. Int J Neurosci 11(3), 211-215.

Dose: ranging from 250-1000 mg over an 8 week period

Hepatic Steatosis

Buchman, A. L. et al. 1995. Choline deficiency: A cause of hepatic steatosis during parenteral nutrition that can be reversed with intravenous choline supplementation. Hepatology 22(5), Nov., 1399-1403.

Dose: 1-4 g choline chloride over a period of 4 weeks

Neurological Function

Fernandez, R. L. 1983. Efficacy and safety of oral CDP-choline. Drug surveillance study in 2817 cases. Arzeimittelforschung 33(7A), 1073-1080.

Dose: 6 ml/day mean dose of CDP-choline

Seizures

McNamara, J. O. et al. 1980. Effects of oral choline on human complex partial seizures. Neurology 30(12), 1334-1336.

Dose: 12-16 g/day

Stroke

Tazaki, Y. et al. 1988. Treatment of acute cerebral infarction with a choline precursor in a multicenter double-blind placebo-controlled study. Stroke 19(2), Feb., 211-216.

Dose: 1000 mg iv CDP-choline/day for 14 days

Tardive Dyskinesia

Gelenberg, A. J. et al. 1979. Choline and lecithin in the treatment of tardive dyskinesia: Preliminary results from a pilot study. Am J Psychiatry 136(6), June, 772-776.

Growdon, . H. et al. 1977. Oral choline administration to patients with tardive dyskinesia. NEJM 297(10), Sept. 8, 524-527.

Arranz, J. and Ganoza, G. 1983. Treatment of chronic dyskinesia with CDP-choline. Arzneimittelforschung 33(&a), 1071-1073.

Dose: 500-1200 mg CDP-choline/day

Nasrallah, H. A. et al. 1984. Variable clinical response to choline in tardive dyskinesia. Psychol Med 14(3), Aug., 697-700.

Folic acid

Anemia

Rahpael, J. C. et al. 1975. [Myelopathy and macrocytic anemia associated with a folate deficiency. Cure by folic acid]. Ann Med Interne 126(5), May, 339-348.

Arthritis

Morgan, S. L. et al. 1994. Supplementation with folic acid during methotrexate therapy for rheumatoid arthritis. A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Annals Intern Med 121(11), Dec. 1, 833-841.

Dose: 5mg or 27.5 mg at weekly doses

Morgan, S. L. et al. 1990. The effect of folic acid supplementation on the toxicity of lowdose methotrexate in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 33(1), Jan., 9-18.

Dose: 1mg folic acid/day

Flynn, M. A. et al. 1994. The effect of folate and cobalamin on osteoarthritic hands. J American Colle Nutr 13(4), Aug., 351-356.

Dose: 6400mcg folate/day

Cancer

Saito, M. et al. 1994. Chemoprevention effects on bronchial squamous metaplasia by folate and vitamin B12 in heavy smokers. Chest 106(2), Aug., 496-499.

Jennings, E. 1995. Folic acid as a cancer-preventing agent. Med Hypotheses 45(3), Sept., 297-303.

Cardiovascular/Coronary Heart Disease

Landgren, F. et al. 1995. Plasma homocysteine in acute myocardial infarction: Homocysteine-lowering effect of folic acid. J Intern Med 237(4), Apr., 381-388.

Dose: 2.5mg or 10mg over a 6 week period

van den Berg, M. et al. 1994. Combined vitamin B6 plus folic acid therapy in young patients with arteriosclerosis and hyperhomocysteinemia. J Vascular Surgery 20(6), Dec., 933-940.

Dose: 5mg folic acid/day

Morrison, H. I. et al. 1996. Serum folate and risk of fatal coronary heart disease. JAMA 275(24), June 26, 1893-1896.

Wilcken, D. E. et al. 1988. Folic acid lowers elevated plasma homocysteine in chronic renal insufficiency: Possible implications for prevention of vascular disease. Metabolism 37(7), July, 697-701.

Dose: 5mg folic acid/day for average of 15 days

Arnadottir, M. et al. 1993. The effect of high-dose pyridoxine and folic acid supplementation on serum lipid and plasma homocysteine concentrations in dialysis patients. Clinical J Nephrol 40(4), Oct., 236-240.

Dose: 5mg/day

Cervical Dysplasia

Butterworth, Jr. C. E. 1982. Improvement of cervical dysplasia associated with folic acid therapy in users of oral contraceptives. Am J Clin Nutr, 35(1) Jan., 73-82.

Dose: 10mg folic acid/day for 3 months

Fragile X Syndrome

Brown, W. T. et al. Folic acid therapy in the Fragile X Syndrome. Am. J Med Genetics 17(1), Jan., 289-297.

Hagerman, R. J. et al. 1986. Oral folic acid versus placebo in the treatment of males with the Fragile X Syndrome. Am. J Med Genetics 23(1-2), Jan.-Feb., 241-262.

Dose: 10mg/day

Lejeune, J. et al. 1984. [Trial of folic acid treatment in Fragile X Syndrome] Ann Genet 27(4), 230-232.

Dose: 0.5 mg/kg per day of folic acid

Gingival Health

Vogel, R. I. et al. 1976. The effect of folic acid on gingival health. J Periodontology 47(11), Nov., 667-668.

Dose: 4mg/day for 30 days

Homocystinuria

Takenaka, T. et al. 1993. [Effect of folic acid for treatment of homocystinuria due to 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase deficiency]. Rinsho Shinkeigaku 33(11), Nov., 1140-1145.

Dose: 400mcg/day of folic acid over approx 70 days

Kidney Damage

Chauveau, P. et al. 1996. Long-term folic acid (but not pyridoxine) supplementation lowers elevated plasma homocysteine level in chronic renal failure. Miner Electrolyte Metab 22(1-3), 106-109.

Dose: 10mg/day folate for 3 months

Lithium Prophylaxis

Coppen, A. et al. 1986. Folic acid enhances lithium prophylaxis. J Affective Disorders 10(1), Jan.-Feb., 9-13.

Dose: 200mcg/day folic acid

Multiple Sclerosis

Kanevskaia, S. A. et al. 1990. [Folic acid in the combined treatment of patients with disseminated sclerosis and chronic gastritis] Vrach Delo (4), Apr. 96-97.

Dose: 200-300mcg/day

Zinc Absorption

Milne, D. B. et al. 1984. Effect of oral folic acid supplements on zinc, copper, and iron absorption and excretion. Am J Clin Nutr 39(4), Apr., 535-539.

Dose: 400mcg folic acid every other day for 16 weeks

Niacin

General

Chojnowska-Jezierska, J,. and Adamska-Dyniewska, H. 1998. Efficacy and safety of one-year treatment with slow-release nicotinic acid. Monitoring of drug concentration in serum. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther, 36(6), Jun., 326-332.

Dose: 1.5 g/d (2 months), and subsequently 2-3 g/d (10 months), on average 2.13 g/d. During the treatment with 2.0 g/d dose.

Hoogerbrugge, N. et al. 1998. The additional effects of acipimox to simvastatin in the treatment of combined hyperlipidaemia. J Intern Med, 243(5) May, 151-156.

Dose: Acipimox in a daily dose of 3 X 250 mg for 12 weeks.

Brown, B. G. et al. 1998. Lipid altering or antioxidant vitamins for patients with coronary disease and very low HDL cholesterol? The HDL-Atherosclerosis Treatment Study Design. Can J Cardiol, Suppl A, Apr. 14, 6A-13A.

Chojnowska-Jezierska, J. and Adamska-Dyniewska, H. 1997. [Prolonged treatment with slow release nicotinic acid in patients with type II

hyperlipidemia]. Pol Arch Med Wewn, 98(11) Nov., 391-399

Dose: one-year therapy with slow-release nicotinic acid

McKenney, J.M. et al. 1998. A randomized trial of the effects of atorvastatin and niacin in patients with combined hyperlipidemia or isolated hypertriglyceridemia. Collaborative Atorvastatin Study Group. Am J Med, 104(2) Feb., 137-143

Dose: immediate-release niacin 1 g 3x/day for 12 weeks

Brown, B. G. et al. 1998. Use of niacin, statins, and resins in patients with combined hyperlipidemia. Am J Cardiol, 81(4A) Feb. 26, 52B-59B

Fagerberg, B. et al. 1998. Mortality rates in treated hypertensive men with additional risk factors are high but can be reduced: a randomized intervention study. Am J Hypertens, 11(1 Pt 1) Jan., 14-22.

Kukharchuk, V. V. et al. 1997. [The effect of long-term Enduracin monotherapy on the clinical and biochemical status of patients with ischemic heart disease]. Ter Arkh, 69(9), 41-45

Dose: enduracin in a dose 1500 mg/day.

Brown, B. G. et al. 1997. Moderate dose, three-drug therapy with niacin, lovastatin, and colestipol to reduce low-density lipoprotein cholesterol <100 mg/dl in patients with hyperlipidemia and coronary artery disease. Am J Cardiol, 80(2) Jul. 15, 111-115.

Dose: initial 12-month phase, regular niacin 500 mg qid alternated with a polygel controlled-release formula.

Gardner, S. F. et al. 1997. Combination of low-dose niacin and pravastatin improves the lipid profile in diabetic patients without compromising glycemic control. Ann Pharmacother, 31(6) Jun., 677-682

Dose: low-dose niacin (1.5 g/d) over a 14 week period.

Vitamin C

Aging

Phillips, C. L. et al. 1994. Effects of ascorbic acid on proliferation and collagen synthesis in relation to the donor age of human dermal fibroblasts. J Invest Dermatol 103(2) Aug., 228-232.

Postaire, E. et al. 1995. Increase of singlet oxygen protection of erythrocytes by Vitamin E, Vitamin C and Beta Carotene intakes. Biochem Mol Biol Int, 35(2), Feb., 371-375.

Dose: 30mg/day Vitamin C

Okamoto, K et al. 1992. [The relationship between dietary ascorbic acid intake and serum lipid concentration in the aged.] Nippon Ronen Igakkai Zasshi 29(12), Dec., 908-911.

Cheraskin, E. 1994. Chronologic versus biologic age. J Advancement Med 7(1), Spring, 31-41.

Dose: 100mg-200mg/day Vitamin C

Cheraskin, E. 1993. Vitamin C, cancer and aging. Age 16, 55-58.

Delafuente, J. C. et al. 1986. Immunologic modulation by vitamin C in elderly. Int J Immunopharmacol 8(2), 205-211.

Alcohol Toxicity

Susick, R. L. and Zannoni, V. G. 1987. Effect of ascorbic acid on the consequences of acute alcohol consumption in humans. Clin Pharmacol Ther, 41(5), May, 502-509.

Dose: 0.95gm/kg body weight over 2.5 hours for 2 weeks

Wickramasinghe, S. N. and Hasan, R. 1994. In vivo effects of Vitamin C on the cytotoxicity of post-ethanol serum. Biochem Pharmacol, 48(3), Aug. 3, 621-624.

Dose: 1gm/day for 3 days

Chen, M. F. et al. 1990. Effect of ascorbic acid on plasma alcohol clearance. J Am Coll Nutr, 9(3), June, 185-189.

Arthritis

Oldroyd, K. G. and Dawes, P. T. 1985. Clinically significant vitamin C deficiency in rheumatoid arthritis. British J Rheumatology 24(4) Nov, 362-363.

Davis, R. H. et al. 1990. Vitamin C influence of localized adjuvant arthritis. J American Podiatry Med Assoc 80(8) Aug, 414-418.

Dose: 150mg/kg of subcutaneous Vitamin C for 20 days

Asthma

Hatch, G. E. 1995. Asthma, inhaled oxidants, and dietary antioxidants. American J Clin Nutr 61(3 Suppl), Mar, 625S-630S.

Anderson, R. et al. 1980. The effect of ascorbate on cellular humoral immunity in asthmatic children. South African Med J 58(24) Dec 13, 974-977.

Dose: 1g ascorbic single daily dose for a 6-month period

Anah, C. O. et al. 1980. High dose ascorbic acid in Nigerian asthmatics. Trop Geogr Med 32(2) June, 132-137.

Dose: 1g of ascorbic acid daily

Rozanov, E. M. et al. 1987. [Vitamin PP and C allowances and their correction in the treatment of bronchial asthma patients.] Vopr Pitan (6):21-4, Nov-Dec, 21-24.

Dose: 275-300 mg of Vitamin C

Cancer

Block, G. et al. 1991. Epidemiologic evidence regarding vitamin C and cancer. Am J Clin Nutr 54(6 Suppl) Dec., 1310S-1314S.

Herrero, R. et al. A case-control study of nutrient status and invasive cervical cancer: I. Dietary indicators. Am J Epi 134(11), Dec. 1, 1335-1346.

Stahelin, H. B. et al. Plasma antioxidant vitamins and subsequent cancer mortality in the 12-year follow-up of the prospective based study. Am J Epi 133(8), Apr. 15, 766-775.

Knekt, P et al. 1991. Dietary antioxidants and the risk of lung cancer. Am J Epi 134(5), Sept. 1, 471-479.

Trizna, Z. et al. 1991. Effects of N-acetyl-L-cysteine and ascorbic acid on mutagen-induced chromosomal sensitivity in patients with head and neck cancers. Am J Surgery 162(4), Oct., 294-298.

Ferraroni, M et al. 1994. Selected micronutrient intake and the risk of colorectal cancer. British J Cancer 70(6), Dec., 1150-1155.

Shibata, A. et al. 1992. Intake of vegetables, fruits, beta-carotene, vitamin C and vitamin supplements and cancer incidence among the elderly: A prospective study. British J Cancer 66(4) Oct., 673-679.

Bussey, H. J. et al. A randomized trial of ascorbic acid in polyposis coli. Cancer 50(7) Oct. 1, 1434-1439.

Dose: 3g/day of ascorbic acid for 9 months

Fontham, E. T. et al. 1988. Dietary vitamins A and C and lung cancer risk in Louisiana. Cancer 62(10), Nov. 15, 2267-2273.

Park, C. H. et al. 1980. Growth suppression of human leukemic cells in vitro by L-ascorbic acid. Cancer Res 40(4), 1062-1065.

Kaugars, G. et al. 1993. Serum and tissue antioxidant levels in supplemented patients with premalignant oral lesions (meeting abstract). FASEB J 7(4), A519.

Dose: 1000mg Vitamin C for 9 months

Sobala, G. M. et al. 1989. Ascorbic acid in the human stomach. Gastroenterology 97(2) Aug., 357-363.

Paganelli, G. M. et al. 1992. Effect of vitamin A, C, and E supplementation on rectal cell proliferation in patients with colorectal adenomas. J National Cancer Inst. 84(1) Jan. 1, 47-51.

Brock, K. E. et al. Nutrients in diet and plasma and risk of in situ cervical cancer. J National Cancer Inst. 80(8) June 15, 580-585.

Potter, J. D. and McMichael, A. J. 1986. Diet and cancer of the colon and rectum: A case-control study. J National Cancer Inst. 76(4) Apr., 557-569.

Moffat, L. et al. 1983. High dose ascorbate therapy and cancer. NFCR Cancer Res Assoc Symp. (2), 243-256.

Dose: 2.5 g Vitamin C 4x/day

Kaugars, G. et al. 1993. The role of antioxidants in the treatment of oral leukoplakia. CCPC-93: Second Int Cancer Chemo Prevention Conf. Berlin, Germany, Apr. 28-30, 65.

Dose: 1000mg/day of ascorbic acid for 9 months

Greco, A. M. et al. 1982. Study of blood vitamin C in lung and bladder cancer patients before and after treatment with ascorbic acid: A preliminary report. Acta Vitaminol Enzymol 4(1-2), 155-162.

Dose: 5g/day

Glatthaar, B. E. et al. The role of ascorbic acid in carcinogenesis. Adv Exp Med Biol 206, 357-377.

Chen, L H. et al. 1988. Vitamin C, vitamin E and cancer. Anticancer Res 8(4), July-Aug., 739-748.

Garcia-Alejo Hernandez, R. et al. 1989. [Radioprotective effect of ascorbic acid on oral structures in patients with cancer of the head and neck]. Av odontoestomatol 5(7), Sept., 469-472.

La Vecchia, C. et al. Selected micronutrient intake and the risk of gastric cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 3(5) July-Aug., 393-398.

Dyke, G. W. et al. Effect of vitamin C supplementation on gastric mucosal DNA damage. Carcinogenesis 15(2), 291-295.

Slattery, M. L. et al. 1990. Dietary vitamins A, C, and E and selenium as risk factors for cervical cancer. Epidemiology 1(1), Jan., 8-15.

Reed, P. I. et al. 1991. Effect of ascorbic acid on the intragastric environment in patients at increased risk of developing gastric cancer. IARC Sci Publ. (105), 139-142.

Nomura, A. M. et al. 1991. Dietary factors in cancer of the lower urinary tract. Int. J Cancer 48(2), May 10, 199-205.

Verreault, R. et al. 1989. A case-control study of diet and invasive cervical cancer. Int J Cancer 43(6), June 15, 1050-1054.

Cameron, E. 1982. Vitamin C and cancer: An overview. Int J Vitamin Nutr Res Suppl 23, 115-127.

Murata,, A. et al. 1982. Prolongation of survival times of terminal cancer patients by administration of large doses of ascorbate. Int J Vitamin Nutr Res Suppl 23, 103-113.

Waddell, . R. and Germer, R. E. 1980. Indomethacin and ascorbate inhibit desmoid tumors. J Surg Oncol 15(1), 85-90.

Ghosh, J and Das, S. 1995. Evaluation of vitamin A and C status in normal and malignant conditions and their possible role in cancer prevention. Japanese J Cancer Res 76(12) Dec., 1174-1178.

Cameron, E. and Campbell, A. 1991. Innovation vs. quality control: An 'Unpublishable' clinical trial on supplemental ascorbate in incurable cancer. Med Hyp 36(3), Nov., 185-189.

Jaffey, M. Vitamin C and cancer: Examination of the value of eleven trial results using broad inductive reasoning. Med Hyp 8(1), 49-84.

Dose: 10g/day Vitamin C

Campbell, A. et al. 1991. Reticulum cell sarcoma: Two complete spontaneous' regressions in response to high-dose ascorbic acid therapy. A report on subsequent progress. Oncology 48(6), 495-497.

Kaminski, M. and Boal, R. 1992. An effect of ascorbate acid on delayed-onset muscle soreness. Pain 50(3), Sept., 317-321.

Raushenbakh, M. O. et al. [Effect of ascorbic acid on formation and leukemogenic activity of p-hydroxyphenyllactic acid]. Probl Gematol Pereliv Krovi 27(7), 3-6.

Dose: 8g/day over 8-10 days before chemotherapy

Stahelin, H. B. 1989. [Vitamins and cancer: Results of a Basel study]. Soz Praventivmed 34(2), 75-77.

Gorozhanskaia. E. G. et al. [The role of ascorbic acid in the combined preoperative preparation of cancer patients]. Vopr Onkol 35(4), 436-441.

Dose: 1.5g/day of ascorbic acid for 7 days.

Baikova, V. N. et al. 1982. [The effect of large doses of ascorbic acid on tyrosine metabolism and hemoblastosis course in children]. Vopr Onkol 28(9), 28-34.

Dose: 100mg/kg/day.

Yuan, J. M. et al. 1995. Diet and breast cancer in Shanghai and Tianjin, China. British J Cancer 71, 1353-1358.

Howe, G. R. et al. 1990. Dietary factors and the risk of breast cancer: Combined analysis of 12 case-controlled studies. J National Cancer Inst. 82, 561-569.

VanEenwyk, J. 1993. The role of vitamins in the development of cervical cancer. The Nutrition Report. 11(1), Jan., 1-8.

Amburgey, C. F. et al. 1993. Undernutrition as a risk factor for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: A case control analysis. Nutrition and Cancer 20(1), 51-60.

Cardiovascular/Coronary Heart Disease

Salonen, J. T. et al. 1991. Effects of antioxidant supplementation on platelet function: A randomized pair-matched, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial in men with low antioxidant status. Am J Clin Nutr. 53(5), May, 1222-1229.

Dose: 600mg of ascorbic acid/day.

Trout, D. L. 1991. Vitamin C and cardiovascular risk factors. Am J Clin Nutr 53(1 Suppl), Jan., 322S-325S.

Sisto, T. et al. 1995. Pretreatment with antioxidants and allopurinol diminishes cardiac onset events in coronary artery bypass grafting. Ann Thorac Surg 59(6) June, 1519-1523.

Khaw, K. T. and Woodhouse, P. 1988. Interrelation of vitamin C, infection, haemostatic factors and cardiovascular disease. British Med J 310(6994), June 17, 1559-1563.

Dose: 60mg.

Brox, A. G. et al. 1988. Treatment of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura with ascorbate. British J Haematology 70(3) Nov., 341-344.

Singh, R. B. et al. 1995. Effect of antioxidant-rich foods on plasma ascorbic acid, cardiac enzyme, and lipid peroxide levels in patients hospitalized with acute myocardial infarction. J Am Dietetic Assoc. 95(7), July, 775-780.

Singh, R. B. et al. 1994. Plasma levels of antioxidant vitamins and oxidative stress in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Acta Cardiol 49(5), 441-452.

Riemersma. R. A. et al. 1989. Low plasma vitamins E and C. Increased risk of angina in Scottish men. Annals NY Academy Sci. 570, 291-295.

Gey, K. F. et al. 1987. Relationship of plasma level of vitamin C to mortality from ischemic heart disease. Annals NY Academy Sci. 498, 110-123.

Cordova, C, et al. 1982. Influence of ascorbic acid on platelet aggregation in vitro and in vivo. Atherosclerosis 41(1), Jan., 15-19.

Dose: 2g of ascorbic acid.

Bordia, A. K. 1980. The effect of vitamin C on blood lipids, fibrinolytic activity and platelet adhesiveness in patients with coronary artery disease. Atherosclerosis 35(2), Feb., 181-187.

Dose: 2g/day Vitamin C.

Li, C. C. 1990. [Changes on creatine phosphokinase and malondialdehyde in the serum and clinical use of large doses of vitamin C following open heart surgery]. Chung Hua Wai Ko Tsa Chih 28(1) Jan., 16-17, 60-61.

Dose: 250mg/kg Vitamin C prior to heart surgery.

Bordia, A. and Verma, S. K. 1985. Effect of vitamin C on platelet adhesiveness and platelet aggregation in coronary artery disease patients. Clinical Cardiology 8(10) Oct.., 552-554.

Dose: 1g and 1 g every 8 hours over 10 days.

Yoshioka, M. et al. 1984. Inverse association of serum ascorbic acid level and blood pressure or rate of hypertension in male adults aged 30-39 years. Int J Vitamin Nutr Res. 54(4), 343-347.

Simon, J. A. 1992. Vitamin C and cardiovascular disease: A review. J Am Coll Nutr. 11(2) Apr., 107-125.

Mostafa, S. et al. 1989. Beneficial effects of vitamin C on risk factors of cardiovascular diseases. J Egyptian Public health Assoc. 64(1-2), 123-133.

Dose: 500mg/day of Vitamin C.

Fujimura, I. et al. [Correlation between hypercholesterolemia and vitamin C deficient diet]. Rev Hosp Clin Fac Med Sao Paulo 46(1), Jan.-Feb., 14-18.

Dobson, H. M. et al. 1984. The effect of ascorbic acid on the seasonal variations in serum cholesterol levels. Scottish Med J 29(3) July, 176-182.

Dose: 1g of ascorbic acid for 2 months.

Gey, K. F. et al. [Essential antioxidants in cardiovascular diseases-Lessons for Europe]. Ther Umsch 51(7) July, 475-482.

Dingchao, H. et al. 1994. The protective effects of high-dose ascorbic acid on myocardium against reperfusion injury after cardiopulmonary bypass. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 42(5) Oct., 276-278.

Dose: 250 mg/kg.

Cataracts

Jacques, P. F. and Chylack Jr., L. T. Epidemiologic evidence of a role for the antioxidant vitamins and carotenoids in cataract prevention. Am J Clin Nutr 53(1 Suppl) Jan., 352S-355S.

Robertson, J. M. et al. 1991. A possible role for vitamins C and E in cataract prevention. Am J Clin Nutr. 53(1 Suppl), Jan., 346S-351S.

Jacques, P. F. et al. 1988. Antioxidant status in persons with and without senile cataract. Arch Ophthalmol 106(3)m Mar., 337-340.

Gerster, H. 1989. Antioxidant vitamins in cataract prevention. Z Ernahrungswiss. 28(1), Mar., 56-75.

Cervical Dysplasia

Wassertheil-Smoller, S. et al. 1981. Dietary Vitamin C and uterine cervical Dysplasia. Am J Epi, 114(5), No., 714-724.

Romney, S. L. et al. 1985. Plasma Vitamin C and uterine cervical dysplasia. Am J Obstetrics Gynecology, 151(7), Apr. 1, 976-980.

Common Cold

Hemila, H. 1994. Does Vitamin C alleviate the symptoms of the common cold?-A review of current evidence. Scandanavian J Infect Dis, 26(1), 1-6.

Dose: 1g Vitamin C.

Diabetes

Johnson, C. S. and Yen, M. F. 1994. Megadose of vitamin C delays insulin response to a glucose challenge in normoglycemic adults. Am J Clin Nutr 60(5), Nov., 735-738.

Dose: 2g/day for 2 weeks.

Paolisso, G. et al. 1994. Plasma vitamin C affects glucose homeostasis in healthy subjects and in non-insulin-dependent diabetics. Am J Physiol 266(2 Pt 1), Feb., E261-268.

Davie, S. J. et al. Effect of vitamin C on glycosylation of proteins. Diabetes 41(2), Feb., 167-173.

Dose: 1g/day of Vitamin C for 3 months.

Vinson, J. A. et al. 1989. In vitro and in vivo reduction of erythrocyte sorbitol by ascorbic acid. Diabetes 38(8), Aug., 1036-1041.

Dose: 500mg/day for 2 weeks.

Yue, D. K. et al. 1990. Abnormalities of ascorbic acid metabolism and diabetic control: Differences between diabetic patients and diabetic rats. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 9(3) July, 239-244.

Kodama, M. et al. 1993. Diabetes mellitus is controlled by vitamin C treatment. In vivo 7(6A), Nov.-Dec., 535-350.

Cunningham, J. J. et al. 1994. Vitamin C: An aldose reductase inhibitor that normalizes erythrocyte sorbitol in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. J Am Coll Nutr. 13(4), Aug., 344-350.

Dose: 100-600mg/day of Vitamin C for 58 days.

Cunningham, J. J. et al. Reduced mononuclear leukocyte ascorbic acid content in adults with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus consuming adequate dietary vitamin C. Metabolism 40, 146-149.

Fatigue

Cheraskin, E. et al. 1976. Daily Vitamin C consumption and fatigability. J Am Geriatric Soc., 24(3), 136-137.

Glaucoma

Jampel, H. D. 1990. Ascorbic acid is cytotoxic to dividing human Tenon's capsule fibroblasts: A possible contributing factor in glaucoma filtration surgery success. Arch Ophthalmol. 108(9) Sept., 1323-1325.

Glutathione Deficiency

Jain, A. et al. 1994. Effect of ascorbate or N-acetylcysteine treatment in a patient with hereditary glutathione synthetase deficiency. J Pediatrics, 124(2), Feb., 229-233.

Dose: 0.7 mmol/kg/day for 1-2 weeks.

Herpes

Fitzherbert, J. 1979. Genital herpes and zinc. Med J Aust, 1, 399.

Dose: 250mg Vitamin C 2x/day

Terezhalmy, G. T. et al. 1978. The use of water-soluble bioflavonoid-ascorbic acid complex in the treatment of recurrent herpes labialis. Oral Surgery, 45, 56-62.

Dose: 200mg Vitamin C for 3-5 times/day for 3 days beginning after onset of symptoms.

Immune enhancement

Anderson, R. et al. 1980. The effects of increasing weekly doses of ascorbate on certain cellular and humoral immune functions in normal volunteers. Am J Clin Nutr. 33(1) Jan., 71-76.

Dose: 2-3g/day.

Penn, N. D. et al. 1991. The effect of dietary supplementation with vitamins A, C and E on cell-mediated immune function in elderly long-stay patients: A randomized controlled trial. Age Ageing 20(3) May, 169-174.

Kodama, M. et al. 1994. Autoimmune disease and allergy are controlled by vitamin C treatment. In vivo 8(2), Nar.-Apr., 251-257.

Delafuente, J. C. et al. 1986. Immunologic modulation by vitamin C in the elderly. Int J Immunopharmacol 8(2), 205-211.

Dose: 2g/day for 3 weeks.

Menopause

Horoschak, A. 1959. Nocturnal leg cramps, easy bruisability and epistaxis in menopausal patients: Treated with Hesperidin and ascorbic acid. Delaware State Med J. 19-22.

Dose: 200mg of Vitamin C following each meal and at bedtime for 2 weeks plus another 100mg of both 4x/day for 4 weeks.

Neutrophil Dysfunction

Rebora, A. et al. 1980. Neutrophil dysfunction and repeated infections: Influence of levamisole and ascorbic avid. British J Dermatology, 102(1), Jan., 49-56.

Levy, R. and Schlaeffer, F. 1993. Successful treatment of a patient with recurrent furunculosis by Vitamin C: Improvement of clinical course and of impaired neutrophil functions. Int J Dermatology, 32(11), Nov., 832-834.

Dose: 500mg/day of Vitamin C for 30 days.

Obesity

Naylor, G. J. et al. 1985. A double blind placebo controlled trial of ascorbic acid in obesity. Nutr Health, 4(1), 25-28.

Dose: 3g/day for 6 weeks.

Paget's Disease

Smethurst, M. et al. 1981. Combined therapy with ascorbic acid and calcitonin for the relief of bone pain in Paget's disease. Acta Vitaminol Enzymol, 3(1), 8-11.

Pancreatitis

Scott, P. et al. 1993. Vitamin C status in patients with acute pancreatitis. British J Surgery, 80(6), June, 750-754.

Parkinson's disease

Fahn, S. 1992. A pilot trial of high-dose alpha-tocopherol and ascorbate in early Parkinson's disease. Annals Neurology 32 Suppl., S128-S132.

Reilly, D. K. et al. 1983. On-off effects in Parkinson's disease: A controlled investigation of ascorbic acid therapy. Advanc Neurol 37, 51-60.

Linazasoro, G. and Gorospe, A. [Treatment of complicated Parkinson disease with a solution of levodopa-carbidopa and ascorbic acid]. Neurologia 10(6) June-July, 220-223.

Yapa, S. C. 1992. Detection of subclinical ascorbate deficiency in early Parkinson's Disease. Public Health 106(5) Sept., 393-395.

Periodontal Disease

Leggott, P. J. et al. 1991. Effects of ascorbic acid depletion and supplementation of periodontal health and subgingival microflora in humans. J Dental Res, 70(12), Dec., 1531-1536.

Leggott, P. J. et al. 1986. The effect of controlled ascorbic acid depletion and supplementation on periodontal health. J Periodonotal, 57(8), Aug., 480-485.

Respiration

Peters, E. M. et al. 1993. Vitamin C supplementation reduces the incidence of postrace symptoms of upper-respiratory-tract infection in ultramarathon runners. Am J Clin Nutr. (2) Feb., 170-174.

Dose: 600mg/day Vitamin C.

Mohsenin, V. 1987. Effect of vitamin C on NO2-induced airway hyperresponsiveness in normal subjects: A randomized double-blind experiment. Am Rev Resp Dis 136(6), Dec., 1408-1411.

Dose: 500mg 4x/day of ascorbic acid for 3 days.

Bucca, C. et al. 1990. Effect of vitamin C on histamine bronchial responsiveness of patients with allergic rhinitis. Ann Allergy 65(4), Oct., 311-314.

Dose: 2g of Vitamin C.

Bucca, C. et al. 1989. Effects of vitamin C on airway responsiveness to inhaled histamine in heavy smokers. European Respir J 2(3), Mar., 229-233.

Dose: 2g of Vitamin C.

Schizophrenia

Sandyk, R. and Kanofsky, J. D. 1993. Vitamin C in the treatment of schizophrenia. Int J Neuroscience, 68(1-2), Jan., 67-71.

Sickle Cell Anemia

Jain, S. K. et al. 1985. Reduced levels of plasma ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) in sickle cell disease patients: Its possible role in the oxidant damage to sickle cells in vivo. Clin Chim Acta, 149(2-3), July 15, 257-161.

Smoking Cessation

Levin, E. D. et al. 1993. Clinical trials using ascorbic acid aerosal to aid smoking cessation. Drug Alcohol Depend, 33(3), Oct., 211-223.

Stroke

Gale, C. R. et al. 1995. Vitamin C and risk of death from stroke and coronary heart disease in cohort of elderly people. British Med J 310(6994) June 17, 1563-1566.

Tetanus

Jahan, J. K. et al. 1985. Effect of ascorbic acid in the treatment of tetanus. Bangladesh Med Res Council Bull, 10(1), June, 24-28.

Dose: 1000 mg/day iv

Wound healing

Ringsdorf Jr., W. M. and Cheraskin, E. 1982. Vitamin C and human wound healing. Oral Surg Med Oral Pathol 53(3) Mar., 231-236.

Dose: 500-3000mg/day.

Goode, H. F. et al. 1992. Vitamin C depletion and pressure sores in elderly patients with femoral neck fractures. British Med J 305(6859) Oct. 17, 925-927.

Vitamin E

Abetalipoproteinemia

Illingworth, D. R. et al. 1980. Abetalipoprotein. Report of two cases and review of therapy. Arch Neurol 37(10), Oct., 659-662.

Bishara, S. et al. 1982. Combined Vitamin A and therapy prevents retinal electrophysiological deterioration in abetalipoprotein. British J Ophthalmology 66(12), Dec., 767-770.

Muller, D. P. et al. 1983. Vitamin E and neurological function: Abetalipoproteinaemia and other disorders of fat absorption. Ciba Found Symp 101, 106-121.

Hegele, R. A. and Angel, A. 1985. Arrest of neuropathy and myopathy in abetalipoproteinemia with high-dose Vitamin E therapy. Canadian Med Assoc J 132(1), Jan., 1, 41-44.

Dose: 3200mg/day over 7 years.

Aging

Courtiere, A. et al. 1989. [Lipid peroxidation in aged patients. Influence of an antioxidant combination (vitamin C-vitamin E-rutin)]. Therapie 44(1) Jan.-Feb., 13-17.

Alzheimer's disease

Adams, Jr., J. D. et al. 1991. Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Disease. Brain levels of glutathione, glutathione disulfide, and Vitamin E. Mol Chem Neuropathol. 14(3), June, 213-226.

Anemia

Ono, K. 1985. Effects of large dose of Vitamin E supplementation on anemia in hemodialysis patients. Nephron, 40(4), 440-445.

Dose: 600mg/day for 30 days.

Arthritis

Honkanen, V. E. et al. 1990. Serum cholesterol and Vitamins A and E in juvenile chronic arthritis. Clin Exp Pheumatol 8(2), Mar.-Apr., 187-191.

Honkanen, V. E. et al. 1989. Vitamins A and E, retinol binding protein and zinc in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Clin Exp Pheumatol 7(5), Sept.-Oct., 465-469.

Ataxia

Rayner, R. J. et al. 1993. Isolated Vitamin E deficiency and progressive ataxia. Arch Dis Child 69(5), Nov., 602-603.

Brain injury

Dzandzhgava, T. G. and Shakarishvili, R. R. 1991. [Effect of alpha-tocopherol and selenium on the activity of antioxidant enzymes and level of lipid peroxidation products in erythrocytes of patients with cerebral ischemia]. Vopr Med Khim 37(5), Sept.-Oct. 79-82.

Cancer

Kneky, P. et al. 1991. Vitamin E and cancer prevention. Am J Clin Nutr 53(1 Suppl), Jan., 283S-286S.

Kneky, R. et al. 1988. Serum Vitamin E and risk of cancer among Finnish men during a 10-year follow-up. Am J Epidemiology 127(1), Jan., 28-41.

Knekt, P. et al. 1991. Dietary antioxidants and the risk of lung cancer. Am J Epidemiology 134(5), Sept. 1, 471-479.

Garewal, H. S. and Schantz, S. 1995. Emerging role of beta-carotene and antioxidant nutrients in prevention of oral cancer. Arch Otalaryngol Head Neck Surg 121(2), Feb., 141-144.

Wald, N. J. et al. 1984. Plasma retinol, beta-carotene and Vitamin E levels in relation to the future risk of breast cancer. British J Cancer 49(3), Mar., 321-324.

Wald, N. J. et al. 1987. Serum Vitamin E and subsequent risk of cancer. British J Cancer 56(1), July, 69-72.

Salonen, J. T. et al. 1985. Risk of cancer in relation to serum concentrations of selenium and Vitamins A and E: Matched case-control analysis of prospective data. British Med J 290(6466), Feb. 9, 417-420.

London, R. S. et al. 1981. Endocrine parameters and alpha-tocopherol therapy of patients with mammary dysplasia. Cancer Res 41(9 Pt 2), Sept., 3811-3813.

Dose: 600 units/day.

Taylor, P. R. et al. 1994. Prevention of esophageal cancer: The nutrition intervention trials in Linxian, China: Linxian nutrition intervention trials study group. Cancer Res. 54(7 Suppl), April 1, 2029s-2031s.

Dose: 30-60IU/day for 5.25 years.

Bostick, R. M. et al. 1993. Reduced risk of colon cancer with high intake of Vitamin E: The Iowa Women's Health Study. Cancer Res 53(18), Sept. 15, 4230-4237.

Zheng, W. et al. 1993. Serum micronutrients and the subsequent risk of oral and pharyngeal cancer. Cancer Res 53(4) Feb. 15, 795-798.

Menkes, M. J. 1986. Vitamin A, E, Selenium and risk of lung cancer. Dissertation Abstracts Int. 46(11), 3807.

Longnecker, M. P. et al. 1992. Serum alpha-tocopherol concentration in relation to subsequent colorectal cancer: Pooled data from five cohorts. J National Cancer Inst. 84(6), Mar. 18, 430-435.

Menkes, M. S. et al. 1986. Serum beta-carotene, Vitamins A and E, selenium, and the risk of lung cancer. NEJM 315(20), Nov. 13, 1250-1254.

Wei, Q. et al. 1993. Vitamin supplementation has a protective effect on basal cell carcinoma. Am Soc Preventive Oncology, 17th Annual Meeting, Mar. 20-23, Tuscon, AR.

Does: greater than 100 IU/day.

Knekt, P. 1993. Vitamin E and smoking and the risk of lung cancer. Annals NY Acad Sci. 686, May 28, 280-287.

London, S. J. et al. 1992. Carotenoids, retinol, and Vitamin E and risk of proliferative benign breast disease and breast cancer. Cancer Causes Control 3(6), Nov., 503-512.

Benner, S. F. et al. 1994. Reduction in oral mucosa micronuclei frequency following alpha-tocopherol treatment of oral leukoplakia. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 3(1), Jan.-Feb., 73-76.

Dose: 400 IU.

de Vries, N. and Snow, G. B. 1990. Relationships of Vitamins A and E and beta-carotene serum levels to head and neck cancer patients with and without second primary tumors. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 247(6), 368-370.

Garewal, H. 1982. Chemoprevention of oral cancer: Beta-carotene and Vitamin E in leukoplakia. European J Cell Biology 28(1), Aug., 92-97.

Knekt, P. et al. 1988. Serum Vitamin E, serum selenium and the risk of gastrointestinal cancer. Int J Cancer 42(6), Dec. 15, 846-850.

Knekt, P. 1988. Serum Vitamin E level and risk of female cancers. Int J Epidemiology 17(2), June, 281-286.

Prasad, K. N. and Edwards-Prasad, J. 1992. Vitamin E and cancer prevention: Recent advances and future potentials. J Am College Nutr. 11(5), Oct. 487-500.

Torun, M. et al. 1995. Serum Vitamin E level in patients with breast cancer. J Clin Pharm Ther., 20(3), June, 173-178.

Lockwood, K. et al. ?. Apparent partial remission of breast cancer in 'high risk' patients supplemented with nutritional antioxidants, essential fatty acids and coenzyme Q10. Mol Aspects Med., 15(Suppl), 231-240.

Dose: 2500 IU.

Palan, R. R. et al. 1991. Plasma levels of antioxidant beta-carotene and alpha-tocopherol in uterine cervix dysplasias and cancer. Nutr Cancer 15(1), 13-20.

LeGardeur, B. Y. et al. 1990. A case-control study of serum Vitamins A, E, and C in lung cancer patients. Nutr Cancer 14(2), 133-140.

Wadleigh, R. et al. 1990. Vitamin E in the treatment of chemotherapy-induced mucosisitis. Proceedings Annual Meeting Am Soc Clin Oncologists 9, A1237.

Dose: 400 mg/ml applied to lesions for 1 week.

Dimery, I. et al. 1992. Reduction in toxicity of high dose 13-CIS-Retinoic acid (13-CRA) with alpha-tocopherol. Proc Annual Meeting Am Soc Clin Oncologists 11, A399.

Dose: 800, 1200, 1600, 2000 IU/day 4 week cycle.

Sukolinskii, V. N. and Morozkina, T. S. 1989. [Prevention of postoperative complications in patients with stomach cancer using an antioxidant complex]. Vopr Onkol 35 (10), 1242-1245.

Gorozhanskaia, E. G. et al. 1995. [The role of alpha-tocopherol and retinol in correcting disorders of lipid peroxidation in patients with malignant liver neoplasms]. Vopr Onkol 41(1), 47-51.

Dose: 600 mg for 7 days prior to surgery.

Cardiovascular/Coronary heart disease

Salonen, J. T. et al. 1991. Effects of antioxidant supplementation on platelet function: A randomized pair-matched, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial in men with low antioxidant status. Am J Clin Nutr 53(5) May, 1222-1229.

Dose: 300 mg/day for 5 months.

Bellizz, M. C. et al. 1994. Vitamin E and coronary heart disease: The European paradox. Eur J Clin Nutr. 48(11), Nov., 822-831.

Dose: 1 capsule of palmvitee/day for 30 days.

Tan, D. T. et al. 1991. Effect of a palm-oil-vitamin E concentrate on the serum and lipoprotein lipids in humans. Am J Clin Nutr. 53(4 Suppl), Apr. 1027S-1030S.

Qureshi, A. A. et al. 1991. Lowering of serum cholesterol in hypercholesterolemic humans by tocopherols (Palmvitee). Am J Clin Nutr. 53(4 Suppl), Apr. 1021S-1026S.

Dose: 200 mg palmvitee capsules/day or 200mg gamma-tocotrienol/day for 4 weeks.

Paolisso, G. et al. 1995. Chronic intake of pharmacological doses of Vitamin E might be useful in the therapy of elderly patients with coronary heart disease. Am J Clin Nutr. 61(4), Apr., 848-852.

Dose: 900 mg/day for 4 months.

Brown, K. M. et al. 1994. Vitamin E supplementation suppresses indexes of lipid peroxidation and platelet counts in blood of smokers and nonsmokers but plasma lipoprotein concentrations remain unchanged. Am J Clin Nutr. 60(3), Sept., 383-387.

Dose: 280 mg/day for 10 weeks.

Steiner, M. et al. 1995. Vitamin E plus aspirin compared with aspirin alone in patients with transient ischemic attacks. Am J Clin Nutr 62(6 Suppl), Dec., 1381S-1384S.

Dose: 400 IU/day for up to 2 years.

Chan, A. C. et al. 1986. Transitory stimulation of human platelet 12-lipoxygenase by Vitamin E supplementation . Am J Clin Nutr. 44(2), Aug., 278-282.

400 IU/day of either D- or DL- alpha-tocopherol for 4 weeks.

Guetta, V. et al. 1995. Effect of combined 17 beta-estradiol and Vitamin E on low-density lipoprotein oxidation in postmenopausal women. Am J Clin Cardiology 75(17), June 15, 1274-1276.

Knekt, P. et al. 1994. Antioxidant vitamin intake and coronary mortality in a longitudinal population study. Am J Epidemiology. 139(12), June 15, 1180-1189.

Sisto, T. et al. 1995. Pretreatment with antioxidants and Allopurinol diminishes cardiac onset events in coronary artery bypass grafting. Ann Thorac Surg, 59(6), June, 1519-1523.

Princen, H. M. et al. 1992. Supplementation with Vitamin E but not beta-carotene in vivo protects low density lipoprotein from lipid peroxidation in vitro: Effect of cigarette smoking. Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis 12(5), May, 554-562.

Dose: 100 IU/day of DL-alpha-tocopherol.

Reaven, P. D. and Witzum, J. L. 1993. Comparisons of supplementation of RRR-alpha-tocopherol and racemic alpha-tocopherol in humans. Effects on lipid levels and lipoprotein susceptibility to oxidation. Arterioscler Thromb 13 (4), Apr., 601-608.

Reaven, P. D. et al. 1993. Effect of dietary antioxidant combinations in humans: Protection of LDL by vitamin E but not by beta-carotene. Arterioscler Thromb 13(4), Apr., 590-600.

Kritchevsky, S. B. et al. Dietary antioxidants and carotid artery wall thickness: The ARIC study. Atherosclerosis risk in communities study. Circulation 92(8), Oct. 15, 2142-2150.

Jialal, I. and Grundy, S. M. 1993. Effect of combined supplementation with alpha-tocopherol, ascorbate, and beta-carotene on low-density lipoprotein oxidation. Circulation 88(6), Dec., 2780-2786.

Dose: 800 IU/day.

Luoma, P. V. et al. 1995. High serum alpha-tocopherol, albumin, selenium and cholesterol, and low mortality from coronary heart disease in Northern Finland. J Internal Med 237(1), Jan., 49-54.

Haglund, O. et al. 1991. The effects of fish oil on triglycerides, cholesterol, fibrinogen and malondialehyde in humans supplemented with Vitamin E. J Nutr. 121(2), Feb., 165-169.

Hodis, H. N. et al. 1995. Serial coronary angiographic evidence that antioxidant Vitamin intake reduces progression of coronary artery atherosclerosis. JAMA 273(23), June 21, 1849-1854.

Dose: 100 IU/day or more.

Fuenmayor, A. J. et al. Vitamin E and ventricular fibrillation threshold in myocardial ischemia. Japanese Circulation J 53(10), Oct., 1229-1232.

Riemersma, R. A. et al. 1991. Risk of angina pectoris and plasma concentrations of Vitamins A, C, and E and Carotene. Lancet 337(8732), Jan. 5, 1-5.

Kardinaal, A. F. et al. Antioxidants in adipose tissue and risk of myocardial infarction: The EURAMIC study. Lancet 342(8884), Dec. 4, 1379-1384.

Rimm, E. B. et al. 1993. Vitamin E consumption and the risk of coronary heart disease in men. NEJM 328(20), May 20, 1450-1456.

Dose: 60 IU/day or more.

Stampfer, M. J. et al. 1993. Vitamin E consumption and the risk of coronary disease in women. NEJM 328(20), May 20, 1444-1449.

Singh, R. B. et al. 1994. Diet, antioxidant vitamins, oxidative stress and risk of coronary artery disease: The Peerzada prospective study. Acta Cardiol 49(5), 453-467.

Knight, J. A. et al. 1993. The effect of Vitamins C and E on lipid peroxidation in stored erythrocytes. Ann Clin Lab Sci 23(1), Jan.-Feb., 51-56.

Postaire, E. et al. 1995. Increase of singlet oxygen protection of erythrocytes by Vitamin E, Vitamin C, and beta-carotene intakes. Biochem Mol Biol Int 35(2) Feb., 371-374.

Dose: 15 mg/day for 15 days.

Kleijnen, J. et al. 1989. Vitamin E and cardiovascular disease. European J Clin Pharmacol 37(6), 541-544.

Gey, K. F. 1989. Inverse correlation of Vitamin E and ischemic heart disease. Int J Vitamin Nutr Res Suppl 30, 224-231.

Dmoszynska-Giannopoulou, A. et al. 1987. Alpha-tocopherol: Effect of sulphinpyrazone and alpha-tocopherol on platelet activation and function in haemodialysed patients. Int Urol Nephrol 22(6), 561-566.

Cloarec, M. J. et al. Alpha-tocopherol: Effect on plasma lipoproteins in hypercholesterolemic patients. Israeli J Med Sci 23(8), Aug., 869-872.

Dose: 500 IU/day for 3 months.

Rifici, V. A. and Khachadurian, A. K. 1993. Dietary supplementation with Vitamins C and E inhibits in vitro oxidation of lipoproteins. J Am Coll Nutr 12(6), Dec., 631-637.

Dose: 800 IU/day.

Lenzhofer, R. et al. 1983. Acute cardian toxicity in patients after Doxorubucin treatment and the effect of combined tocopherol and Nifedipine pretreatment. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 106(2), 143-147.

Yukawa, S. et al. 1992. Prevention of aortic calcification in patients on hemodialysis by long-term administration of Vitamin E. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol. Spec No:187-90.

Dose: 600 mg/day for 2 weeks.

Gey, K. F. et al. 1994. [Essential antioxidants on cardiovascular diseases-Lessons for Europe]. Ther Unsch 51(7), July, 475-482.

Dose: 100 mg/day.

Steiner, M. 1993. Effect of alpha-tocopherol administration on platelet function in man. Thromb Haemost 49(2), Apr. 28, 73-77.

Dose: 400-1200 IU/day over 6 weeks.

Cataracts

Jacques, P. F. et al. 1988. Antioxidants status in persons with and without senile cataract. Arch Ophthalmol 106(3), Mar., 337-340.

Knekt, P. et al. 1992. Serum antioxidant Vitamins and risk of cataract. British Med J 305(6866), Dec. 5, 1392-1394.

Robertson, J. M. et al. 1989. Vitamin E intake and risk of cataracts in humans. Ann NY Acad Sci 570, 372-382.

Cystic Fibrosis

Sitrin, M. D. et al. 1987. Vitamin E deficiency and neurologic disease in adults with cystic fibrosis. Annals Int Med, 107(1), July, 51-54.

Sung, J. H. et al. 1980. Axonal dystrophy in the gracile nucleus in congenital biliary atresia and cystic fibrosis (mucoviscidosis): Beneficial effect of Vitamin E therapy. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol, 39(5), Sept., 584-597.

Cynamon, H. A. et al. 1988. Effect of Vitamin E deficiency on neurologic function in patients with cystic fibrosis. J Pediatrics, 113(4), Oct., 637-640.

Elias, E. et al. 1981. Association of spinocerebellar disorders with cystic fibrosis or chronic childhood cholestasis and very low serum Vitamin E. Lancet, 2(8259), Dec. 12, 1319-1321.

James. D. R. et al. 1991. Increased susceptibility to peroxide-induced haemolysis with normal Vitamin E concentrations in cystic fibrosis. Clin Chim Acta, 204(1-3), Dec. 31, 279-290.

Diabetes

Colette, C. et al. 1988. Platelet function in Type I diabetes: Effects of supplementation with large doses of Vitamin E. Am J Clin Nutr 47(2), Feb., 256-261.

Dose: 1 gm/day for 35 days.

Paolisso, G. et al. Pharmacologic doses of Vitamin E improve insulin action in healthy subjects and non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients. Am J Clin Nutr 57(5), May, 650-656.

Dose: 900 mg/day for 4 months.

Salonen, J. T. et al. 1995. Increased risk of non-insulin dependent Diabetes Mellitus at low plasma Vitamin E concentrations: A four year follow-up study in men. British Med J 311(7013), Oct. 28, 1124-1127.

Karpen, C. W. et al. 1984. Interrelation of platelet Vitamin E and thromboxane synthesis in type I Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes, 33(3), Mar., 239-243.

Watanabe, J. et al. 1984. Effect of Vitamin E on platelet aggregation in Diabetes Mellitus. Thromb Haemost, 51(3), July 29, 3130316.

Karpen, C. W. et al. 1985. Production of 12-hydroyeicosatetraenoic acid and Vitamin E status in platelets from type I human diabetic subjects. Diabetes 34(6), June, 526-531.

Caballero, B. 1993. Vitamin E improves the action of insulin. Nutr Rev, 51(11), Nov., 339-340.

Kunisaki, M. et al. 1990. Effects of Vitamin E administration on platelet function in Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Res, 14(1), May, 37-42.

Dose: 600 mg/day.

Dmoszynska-Giannopoulou, A. et al. 1989. [Effect of Vitamin E on the function of blood platelets in patients with Diabetes Mellitus], Pol Tyg Lek, 44(21-22), May 22-29, 496-498.

Dose: 1000 mg/day.

Dzhavad-zade, M. D. et al. 1992. [Disorders of pulmonary hemodynamics in patients with Diabetic Nephroangiopathy and its correction with antioxidants], Probl Endokrinol, 38(2), Mar.-Apr., 20-22.

Dose: 8 mcg/kg/day for 2 weeks.

Mamedgasanov, R. M. and Rakhmani, S. A. [Dynamics of lipid peroxidation in patients with noninsulin-dependent Diabetes Mellitus], Probl Endokrinol, 35(1), Jan.-Feb., 19-21.

Balabolkin, M. I. et al. 1994. [Effect of high doses of tocopherol on the process of lipid peroxidation and insulin secretion in patients with non-insulin-dependent Diabetes Mellitus], Probl Endokrinol, 40(3), May-June, 10-12.

Dose: 600-1200 mg/day.

Kuznetsov, N. S. et al. 1993. [The use of antioxidants (alpha-tocopherol acetate) in the treatment of Diabetes Mellitus], Probl Endokrinol, 39(2), Mar.-Apr., 9-11.

Dose: 300 mg/day.

Watanabe, J. et al. 1984. Effect of Vitamin E in platelet aggregation in Diabetes Mellitus. Tohoku J Exp Med, 143(2), June, 161-169.

Splavskii, O. I. 1982. [Effectiveness of Vitamin E in the combined therapy of the hepatobiliary system lesions in Diabetes Mellitus]. Vopr Pitan, (6), Nov.-Dec., 36-39.

Gerster, H. et al. 1993. Prevention of platelet dysfunction by Vitamin E in diabetic athersclerosis. Z Ernahrungswiss 32(4), Dec., 243-261.

Disseminated Granuloma Anulare

Goldstein, R. K. et al. [Local treatment of disseminated granuloma anulare with a Vitamin E emulsion]. Hautarzt, 42(3), Mar., 176-178.

Epilepsy

Ogunmekan, A. O. and Hwang, P. A. 1989. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trial of D-alpha-tocopherol acetate (Vitamin E), as Add-on therapy, for epilepsy in children. Epilepsia, 30(1), Jan.-Feb., 84-89.

Kovalenko, V. M. et al. 1984. [Alpha-tocopherol in the complex treatment of several forms of epilepsy]. Zh Nevropatol Psikhiatr, 84(6), 892-897.

Dose: 600 mg/day

Megrabian, A. A. et al. 1986. [Use of lithium carbonate and Vitamin E in the complex treatment of epileptics]. Zh Nevropatol Psikhiatr, 86(9), 1407-1410.

Gastrointestinal Disease

Beno, I. et al. 1994. The activity of Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase and catalase of gastric mucosa in chronic gastritis, and the effect of alpha-tocopherol. Bratisl Lek Listy, 95(1), Jan., 9-14.

Feher, J. and Pronai, L. 1993. [Role of free radical scavengers in gastrointestinal diseases], Orv Hetil, 34(13), Mar. 28, 693-696.

General

Wartanowicz, W. et al. 1984. The effect of alpha-tocopherol and ascorbic acid on the serum lipid peroxide level in elderly people. Anna Nutr Metab, 28(3), 186-191.

Dose: 200 mg/day for 4 months.

Regnault, C. et al. 1993. Influence of beta carotene,, Vitamin E, and Vitamin C on endogenous antioxidant defenses in erythrocytes. Ann Pharmacother, 27(11), Nov., 1349-1350.

Denzlinger, C. et al. 1995. Modulation of the endogenous leukotriene production by fish oil and Vitamin E. J Lipid Mediat Cell Signal, 11(2), Mar., 119-132.

Dose: 800 IU/day.

Hearing loss

Romeo, G. 1985. The therapeutic effect of Vitamins a and E in neurosensory hearing loss. Acta Vitaminol Enzymol, 7 Suppl, 85-92.

Romeo, G. and Giorgetti, M. 1985. [Therapeutic effects of Vitamin A associated with Vitamin E in perceptual hearing loss], Acta Vitaminol Enzymol, 7(1-2), 139-143.

Hemodialysis

Giardini, O. et al. 1984. Effects of alpha-tocopherol administration on red blood cell membrane lipid peroxidation in hemodialysis patients. Clin Nephrol, 21(3), Mar., 174-177.

Hemolysis

Prussick, R. et al. 1992. The protective effect of Vitamin E on the hemolysis associated with dapsone treatment in patients with dermatitis herpetiformis. Arch Dermatol, 128(2)Feb., 210-213.

Dose: 800 IU/day for 4 weeks.

Hafez, M, et al. 1986. Improved erythrocyte survival with combined vitamin E and selenium therapy in children with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency and mild chronic hemolysis. J Pediatrics, 108(4), Apr., 558-561.

Dose: 800 IU/day for 2 months.

Corash, L. et al. 1980. Reduced chronic hemolysis during high-dose Vitamin E administration in Mediterranean-type glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. New England J Med, 303(8), Aug. 12, 416-420.

Yalcin, A. S. et al. 1989. The effect of Vitamin E therapy on plasma and erythrocyte lipid peroxidation in chronic hemodialysis patients. Clin Chim Acta, 185(1), Oct. 31, 109-112.

Dose: 300 mg/day for 1 month.

Hepatitis

Han, Y. C. 1993. [Study of anti-lipid peroxidation of Vitamin E in human body]. Chung Hua Yu Fang I Hsueh Tsa Chih, 27(3), May, 132-134.

Dose: 200 mg/day after 10 days.

Immune enhancement

Meydani, S. N. et al. 1990. Vitamin E supplementation enhances cell-mediated immunity in healthy elderly subjects. Am J Clin Nutr, 52(3), Sept., 557-563.

Dose: 800 mg/day for 30 days.

Kowdley, K. V. et al. 1992. Vitamin E deficiency and impaired cellular immunity related to intestinal fat malabsorption. Gastroenterology 102(6), June, 2139-2142.

Penn, N. D. et al. 1991. The effect of dietary supplementation with Vitamins A, C and E on cell-mediated immune function in elderly long-stay patients: A randomized controlled trial. Age Ageing, 20(3), May, 169-174.

Taccone-Gallucci, M. et al. 1986. Vitamin E supplementation in hemodialysis patients: Effects on peripheral blood mononuclear cells lipid peroxidation and immune response. Clin Nephrol, 25(2), Feb., 81-86.

Gaidova, O. S. et al. 1990. [The immunomodulating properties of Vitamin E in surgery involving artificial circulation], Grud serdechnososudistaia Khir, (12), Dec., 30-33.

Dose: 40 mg/kg 3.5 hours prior to open heart surgery.

Kidney disease/Damage

Bilenko, M. V. et al. 1983. [Use of antioxidants to prevent damage during acute ischemia and reperfusion of the kidneys], Biull Eksp Biol Med, 96(9), Sept., 8-11.