CORONARY HEART DISEASE
FOLIC ACID
(1 microgram = 0.001 milligrams)
1. In this 14-year study, women who took more than the recommended daily allowance (RDA) of folate (696 micrograms/day vs. RDA 400 micrograms/day) and vitamin B6 (4.6 mg vs. RDA 2 mg/day) had lower risk for developing coronary heart disease.
JAMA. 1998 Feb 4;279(5):359-64.
Folate and vitamin B6 from diet and supplements in relation to risk of coronary heart disease among women.
Rimm EB, Willett WC, Hu FB, Sampson L, Colditz GA, Manson JE, Hennekens C, Stampfer MJ.
PMID: 9459468
2. Daily supplementation with folic acid (5 mg) and vitamin B12 (1 mg) improved flow-mediated dilatation and endothelial function, and reduced homocysteine levels in patients with coronary heart disease.
Circulation. 2000 Nov 14;102(20):2479-83.
Improved vascular endothelial function after oral B vitamins: An effect mediated through reduced concentrations of free plasma homocysteine.
Chambers JC, Ueland PM, Obeid OA, Wrigley J, Refsum H, Kooner JS.
PMID: 11076820
MAGNESIUM
3. Over a period of 10 years, individuals at high risk for coronary heart disease consuming a diet with high magnesium (1142 +/- 233 mg/day) had significantly fewer complications, mortality rate and fewer sudden deaths compared to those who had been consuming 418 +/- 105 mg/day magnesium.
Magnes Trace Elem. 1990;9(3):143-51.
Effect of dietary magnesium supplementation in the prevention of coronary heart disease and sudden cardiac death.
Singh RB.
PMID: 2248695
VITAMIN B12/COBALAMIN
4. A diet that is fortified with enriched grain (140 micrograms of folic acid per 100 grams) plus folic acid (1 mg) and cyanocobalamin (0.5 mg) was predicted to reduce coronary heart disease incidence and death in men and women.
JAMA. 2001 Aug 22-29;286(8):936-43.
Comment in:
JAMA. 2002 Jan 9;287(2):190; discussion 191-2.
JAMA. 2002 Jan 9;287(2):190; discussion 191-2.
JAMA. 2002 Jan 9;287(2):191-2.
Cost-effectiveness of vitamin therapy to lower plasma homocysteine levels for the prevention of coronary heart disease: effect of grain fortification and beyond.
Tice JA, Ross E, Coxson PG, Rosenberg I, Weinstein MC, Hunink MG, Goldman PA, Williams
PMID: 11509058
VITAMIN C/ASCORBIC ACID
(1 gram = 1000 milligrams)
5. Compared to placebo, intravenous infusion of vitamin C (3 grams) significantly reduced platelet aggregation in smokers after 6 hours. In nonsmokers, platelet aggregation reduced in 3 and 6 hours. Vitamin C may help reduce risk of coronary heart disease.
Med Klin. 2002 May 15;97(5):263-9.
[Effect of vitamin C on platelet aggregation in smokers and nonsmokers]
[Article in German]
Schindler TH, Lewandowski E, Olschewski M, Hasler K, Solzbach U, Just H.
6. Consumption of a high fat meal (50 grams/fat) increases oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction, which can lead to atherosclerosis. One oral dose of vitamin C (2 grams) can have a protective effect on endothelial function in patients with coronary heart disease.
Clin Cardiol. 2002 May;25(5):219-24.
Vitamin C preserves endothelial function in patients with coronary heart disease after a high-fat meal.
Ling L, Zhao SP, Gao M, Zhou QC, Li YL, Xia B.
7. An intravenous infusion of vitamin C (3 grams) reversed endothelial dysfunction caused by oxidative stress in patients with cardiomyopathy.
Am J Cardiol. 2001 Nov 1;88(9):1001-5.
Reversibility of coronary endothelial vasomotor dysfunction in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy: acute effects of vitamin C.
Richartz BM, Werner GS, Ferrari M, Figulla HR.
VITAMIN E/TOCOTRIENOL
8. Doses of a tocotrienol rich fraction (100 mg/day) rice bran in conjunction with the American Heart Association diet lowered total cholesterol, LDL, triglycerides, apolipoprotein in hypercholesterol patients.
Atherosclerosis. 2002 Mar;161(1):199-207.
Dose-dependent suppression of serum cholesterol by tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF25) of rice bran in hypercholesterolemic humans.
Qureshi AA, Sami SA, Salser WA, Khan FA.
PMID: 11882333
9. Risk of coronary heart disease can be reduced with vitamin E (400 IU/day). Vitamin E increases the lag time before LDL oxidation and therefore decreases the risk of atherosclerosis.
Biofactors. 1998;7(1-2):51-4.
Effect of supplementation with vitamin E on LDL oxidizability and prevention of atherosclerosis.
Suzukawa M, Ayaori M, Shige H, Hisada T, Ishikawa T, Nakamura H.
PMID: 9523028
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